The typical symptoms of the dry eye syndrome include dryness, grittiness, irritation, difficulty reading for long periods of time, burning and even the apparent contradiction of excessive tearing or watering. In extreme cases of dry eye, patients may become unusually sensitive to light, experience severe eye pain, and start to notice diminished vision. Successful treatment may be needed to avoid permanent damage.
Artificial Tears: Some form of over-the-counter artificial tears is usually recommended. Artificial tears flush out debris, dilute substances trapped in the tear film, and increase tear clearance. Although they may provide temporary relief, they merely palliate the symptoms. They do not provide all the factors critical for the maintenance and repair of the ocular surface, nor do they optomize tear film structure and function, which is necessary for improved vision.
Punctal Occlusion: Punctal occlusion is a procedure used to help dry eye patients by closing the tear drainage canals with silicone plugs, which keep most of the fluid from leaving the surface of the eye. This may provide long-term relief as an adjunct to other therapies which address inflammation on the surface of the eye.